diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 97d82c9..b2f0d5f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -8,22 +8,5 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        python-version: ['3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13']
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
-        with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-          pip install -e ".[async]"
-          pip install pytest pytest-asyncio
-
-      - name: Run tests
-        run: pytest tests/ -v
+    # Calls the reusable workflow with the full 3.9-3.13 matrix for PRs.
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/test.yml
diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
index d3846e6..8760fd2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
@@ -11,23 +11,12 @@ permissions:
 
 jobs:
   test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        python-version: ['3.9', '3.11', '3.13']
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
-        with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-
-      - name: Install and test
-        run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-          pip install -e ".[async]"
-          pip install pytest pytest-asyncio
-          pytest tests/ -v
+    # Calls the reusable workflow with a reduced 3.9/3.11/3.13 matrix for
+    # release gate — slightly less coverage than CI since PRs already
+    # exercised the full 3.9-3.13 matrix before getting here.
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/test.yml
+    with:
+      python-versions: '["3.9", "3.11", "3.13"]'
 
   publish:
     needs: test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef481c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: Test
+
+# Reusable workflow called by ci.yml (PR gate) and publish.yml (tag gate).
+# Single source of truth for install + test. If a test dep changes, update
+# this file only — both callers pick it up automatically.
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      python-versions:
+        description: 'JSON array of Python versions to test'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+        default: '["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]'
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ${{ fromJSON(inputs.python-versions) }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+      - name: Install and test
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          pip install -e ".[async]"
+          pip install pytest pytest-asyncio
+          pytest tests/ -v